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DECIZIE Nr

DECIZIE   Nr. 58*) din 14 mai 1996

ACT EMIS DE: CURTEA CONSTITUTIONALA

ACT PUBLICAT IN: MONITORUL OFICIAL  NR. 324 din  4 decembrie 1996


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    *) A se vedea si Decizia Curtii Constitutionale nr. 117 din 8 octombrie 1996, publicata in Monitorul Oficial al Romaniei, Partea I, nr. 324 din 4 decembrie 1996.

    Viorel Mihai Ciobanu   - presedinte
    Mihai Constantinescu   - judecator
    Florin Bucur Vasilescu - judecator
    Valer-Vasilie Bica     - magistrat-asistent

    Completul de judecata, convocat fara citarea partilor, potrivit art. 24 alin. (2) din Legea nr. 47/1992 privind organizarea si functionarea Curtii Constitutionale, examinand exceptia de neconstitutionalitate a prevederilor art. 175 alin. (1) lit. a) din Codul muncii, invocata de Poenaru Ana, apelanta contestatoare, in Dosarul nr. 1.040/1996 al Tribunalului Gorj, constata urmatoarele:
    Tribunalul Gorj, prin Incheierea din 14 martie 1996, a sesizat Curtea Constitutionala cu exceptia de neconstitutionalitate a dispozitiilor art. 175 alin. (1) lit. a) din Codul muncii ridicata de Poenaru Ana.
    In esenta, in sustinerea exceptiei se arata ca dispozitiile art. 175 alin. (1) lit. a) din Codul muncii, potrivit carora contestarile impotriva sanctiunilor disciplinare - altele decat desfacerea disciplinara a contractului de munca - sunt de competenta organului de conducere colectiva, contravin prevederilor art. 21 din Constitutie, care consacra accesul liber la justitie.
    Tribunalul Gorj opineaza ca "exceptia este intemeiata, pentru motivul ca dispozitiile art. 175 alin. (1) lit. a) din Codul muncii contravin atat art. 21 din Constitutie, privind accesul liber la justitie, cat si art. 125 din Constitutie, potrivit caruia justitia se realizeaza prin Curtea Suprema de Justitie si prin celelalte instante judecatoresti stabilite prin lege".

    CURTEA,
avand in vedere incheierea de sesizare, raportul intocmit in cauza, dispozitiile art. 175 alin. (1) lit. a) din Codul muncii, prevederile Constitutiei si ale Legii nr. 47/1992, retine urmatoarele:
    Curtea Constitutionala este competenta sa solutioneze exceptia de neconstitutionalitate, care a fost invocata, in temeiul art. 144 lit. c) din Constitutie, intrucat se constata constitutionalitatea unei dispozitii legale anterioare Constitutiei, pe baza careia s-au stabilit raporturi dupa intrarea in vigoare a Constitutiei.
    Constitutionalitatea prevederilor art. 175 alin. (1) lit. a) din Codul muncii a mai fost contestata in fata Curtii, care, prin Decizia nr. 90, pronuntata la data de 4 octombrie 1995, ramasa definitiva prin nerecurare si publicata in Monitorul Oficial al Romaniei, Partea I, nr. 272 din 23 noiembrie 1995, a constatat ca acestea sunt neconstitutionale.
    Curtea Constitutionala si-a intemeiat solutia, in esenta, pe urmatoarele considerente:
    - excluderea de la competenta instantelor judecatoresti a contestatiilor referitoare la unele sanctiuni disciplinare este contrara prevederilor art. 21 din Constitutie, potrivit carora orice persoana se poate adresa justitiei pentru apararea drepturilor, libertatilor si intereselor sale legitime, nici o lege neputand ingradi exercitiul acestui drept, si prevederilor art. 125 din Constitutie, conform carora justitia se realizeaza prin Curtea Suprema de Justitie si prin celelalte instante judecatoresti stabilite prin lege;
    - prevederile art. 175 alin. (1) lit. a) din Codul muncii creeaza o discriminare intre salariatii angajati la organizatii sau autoritati publice care se afla in subordinea unui organ ierarhic superior si cei care sunt angajati la organizatii sau autoritati publice ce nu se afla in subordinea unui asemenea organ, o asemenea discriminare fiind contrara prevederilor art. 16 alin. (1) din Constitutie, privind egalitatea cetatenilor in fata legii si autoritatilor publice;
    - competenta organului administrativ de solutionare a contestatiilor formulate impotriva sanctiunilor disciplinare - altele decat desfacerea disciplinara a contractului de munca - nu poate avea semnificatia unei proceduri administrativ-jurisdictionale, intrucat nu ofera garantia unei proceduri conforme prevederilor art. 6 pct. 1 din Conventia pentru apararea drepturilor omului si libertatilor fundamentale, potrivit carora orice persoana are dreptul la judecarea in mod echitabil, in mod public si intr-un termen rezonabil, a cauzei sale de catre o instanta independenta si impartiala, instituita de lege, prioritatea acestei reglementari internationale fata de reglementarea interna - in speta art. 175 alin. (1) lit. a) din Codul muncii - fiind impusa de dispozitiile art. 20 alin. (2) din Constitutie.
    O exceptie de neconstitutionalitate admisa nu poate fi reiterata, deoarece, potrivit art. 145 alin. (2) din Constitutie si art. 26 alin. (5) din Legea nr. 47/1992, deciziile definitive ale Curtii Constitutionale fiind obligatorii erga omnes, reiterarea unei asemenea exceptii este lipsita de obiect si de interes. In acest sens, Curtea s-a mai pronuntat prin Decizia nr. 107 din 2 noiembrie 1994, ramasa definitiva prin nerecurare, publicata in Monitorul Oficial al Romaniei, Partea I, nr. 34 din 15 februarie 1995, si prin Decizia nr. 92 din 12 octombrie 1995, ramasa definitiva prin nerecurare, publicata in Monitorul Oficial al Romaniei, Partea I, nr. 294 din 20 decembrie 1995, cand a statuat ca un text legal, declarat neconstitutional, isi pierde eficienta si nu mai poate face obiectul unei noi analize a conformitatii sale cu Constitutia.
    Tinand seama de identitatea de situatie dintre exceptia de neconstitutionalitate ce face obiectul cauzei de fata si Decizia Curtii Constitutionale nr. 90 din 4 octombrie 1995, rezulta ca exceptia invocata este lipsita de obiect si de interes.

    Pentru considerentele expuse si vazand dispozitiile art. 144 lit. c) si ale art. 145 alin. (2) din Constitutie, precum si ale art. 13 alin. (1) lit. A. c), ale art. 24 alin. (2) si ale art. 25 alin. (1) din Legea nr. 47/1992, in unanimitate

    CURTEA
    In numele legii
    DECIDE:

    Respinge ca vadit nefondata, fiind lipsita de obiect, exceptia de neconstitutionalitate a art. 175 alin. (1) lit. a) din Codul muncii, invocata de Poenaru Ana in Dosarul nr. 1.040/1996 al Tribunalului Gorj.
    Cu recurs in termen de 10 zile de la comunicare.
    Pronuntata la data de 14 mai 1996.

                  PRESEDINTE,
      prof. univ. dr. Viorel Mihai Ciobanu

                             Magistrat asistent,
                             Valer Vasilie Bica



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COMENTARII la Decizia 58/1996

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