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DECIZIE Nr

DECIZIE   Nr. 116 din 16 noiembrie 1994

ACT EMIS DE: CURTEA CONSTITUTIONALA

ACT PUBLICAT IN: MONITORUL OFICIAL  NR. 36 din 17 februarie 1995


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    Vasile Gionea                  - presedinte
    Viorel Mihai Ciobanu           - judecator
    Miklos Fazakas                 - judecator
    Antonie Iorgovan               - judecator
    Ioan Muraru                    - judecator
    Ioan Griga                     - procuror
    Constantin Burada              - magistrat-asistent

    Pe rol solutionarea recursului declarat de Ministerul Public impotriva Deciziei Curtii Constitutionale nr. 37 din 27 aprilie 1994.
    La apelul nominal au lipsit partile.
    Procedura este legal indeplinita.
    Magistratul-asistent refera ca recursul Ministerului Public este declarat in termen si motivat.
    Dosarul fiind in stare de judecata, presedintele completului acorda cuvantul procurorului, care solicita admiterea recursului, casarea deciziei si respingerea exceptiei de neconstitutionalitate ca nefondata pentru motivele invocate in cererea de recurs.

    CURTEA CONSTITUTIONALA,
avand in vedere actele si lucrarile dosarului, retine urmatoarele:
    In fata Judecatoriei Tulcea, la termenul de 9 februarie 1993, inculpatii Mitrea Florin si Butnaru Ioan au ridicat  exceptia de neconstitutionalitate a art. 224 din Codul Penal, text in baza caruia au fost trimisi in judecata.
    Prin Decizia  nr. 37 din 27 aprilie 1994, Curtea Constitutionala a respins ca lipsita de obiect exceptia, retinind ca prin Decizia Curtii Constitutionale nr. 33 din 26 mai 1993, definitiva prin Decizia Curtii Constitutionale nr. 63 din 4 noiembrie 1993, s-a constatat ca art. 224 din Codul penal a fost abrogat partial conform art. 150 alin. (1) din Constitutie, dispozitiile sale urmand a se aplica numai cu privire la bunurile prevazute in art. 135 alin. (4) din Constitutie, bunuri ce fac obiectul exclusiv al proprietatii publice.
    Impotriva acestei decizii Ministerul Public a declarat recurs, invocand urmatoarele motive:
    - Curtea Constitutionala, constatand abrogarea, si-a depasit competenta, incalcind astfel principiul constitutional al separatiei puterilor in stat;
    - solutia respingerii ca lipsita de obiect a exceptiei de neconstitutionalitate, intemeiata pe caracterul obligatoriu al Deciziei Curtii Constitutionale nr. 33 din 26 mai 1993, inchide calea sesizarii Curtii Constitutionale cu orice alta exceptie, chiar si atunci cand aceasta ar privi un bun public nominalizat expres in art. 135 alin. (4) din Constitutie;
    - nemotivarea deciziei si deci incalcarea dispozitiilor art. 13 si art. 16 din Legea nr. 47/1992 si ale art. 261 din Codul de procedura civila.

    CURTEA CONSTITUTIONALA,
examinind decizia atacata, motivele invocate de recurent, prevederile Constitutiei, ale Legii nr. 47/1992 si ale Regulamentului de organizare si functionare a Curtii Constitutionale, constata ca recursul nu este intemeiat.
    Primul motiv de recurs privind lipsa competentei materiale a Curtii Constitutionale de a constata abrogarea unor prevederi legale nu poate fi primit, deoarece, in cazul legilor anterioare Constitutiei, neconstitutionalitatea prezinta un caracter specific, intrucat are o cauza posterioara legii, ce consta in contradictia sa cu textul noii Constitutii, ceea ce conduce la abrogarea legii anterioare potrivit art. 150 alin. (1) din legea fundamentala. Ca atare, abrogarea constituie nu numai o consecinta a aplicarii legii in timp, ci si o problema de constitutionalitate, astfel incat critica referitoare la depasirea competentei materiale a Curtii Constitutionale este nefondata. Totodata, este de mentionat ca recurentul nu face distinctie intre dreptul de a abroga o norma juridica, drept ce revine evident autoritatilor emitente sau celor ierarhic superioare, si dreptul de a constata abrogarea, ce revine autoritatilor ce aplica norma juridica. De aceea nu se poate retine ca s-a incalcat principiul separatiei puterilor, astfel cum se sustine prin recurs. Critica din recurs, in sensul ca prin solutia pronuntata se considera abrogat si art. 145 din Codul penal, nu are relevanta in cauza, deoarece decizia atacata nu se refera la prevederile sale, iar Curtea Constitutionala l-a considerat intotdeauna constitutional, el definind termenul de obstesc (public). In acest sens, Curtea Constitutionala a statuat ca ocrotirea preferentiala a avutului obstesc trebuie inteleasa, in lumina Constitutiei, ca aplicandu-se numai bunurilor ce formeaza obiectul exclusiv al proprietatii publice.
    Cel de-al doilea motiv de recurs, potrivit caruia solutia respingerii exceptiei de neconstitutionalitate intemeiata pe caracterul obligatoriu al Deciziei Constitutionale nr. 33/1993 inchide calea sesizarii Curtii Constitutionale cu orice alta exceptie, chiar si atunci cand aceasta priveste un bun public dintre cele nominalizate in art. 135 alin. (4) din Constitutie ; de asemenea, nu poate fi acceptat, intrucat nu tine seama de specificul jurisdictiei constitutionale. In caz de admitere a exceptiei de neconstitutionalitate, decizia Curtii produce efectele prevazute in art. 145 alin. (2) din Constitutie si in art. 26 din Legea nr. 47/1992 si deci textul anterior Constitutiei constatat ca abrogat, deoarece, potrivit art. 150 alin. (1) din Constitutie, este contrar acesteia, nu mai poate fi aplicat, fiind scos din legislatie, in limita constatarii abrogarii. In conformitate cu art. 29 din Regulamentul de organizare si functionare a Curtii Constitutionale, aceasta statueaza numai asupra problemelor de drept. Constatand in drept ca art. 224 din Codul penal este abrogat partial si ca urmeaza sa se aplice numai cu privire la bunurile prevazute in art. 135 alin. (4) din Constitutie, bunuri ce fac obiectul exclusiv al proprietatii publice, ramane ca fiecare instanta de judecata sa stabileasca daca este vorba sau nu de astfel de bunuri si sa decida daca textele referitoare la infractiunile privind avutul obstesc sunt sau nu aplicabile. Pe de alta parte, daca Curtea Constitutionala este sesizata cu exceptii care vizeaza dispozitii neabrogate, chiar daca sunt cuprinse in aceleasi texte, ea le va cerceta in fond si deci calea sesizarii Curtii nu este inchisa asa cum se sustine de catre recurent.
    Nici cel de-al treilea motiv de recurs, in legatura cu nemotivarea deciziei, nu este fondat, deoarece, asa cum s-a mai aratat, conform art. 29 din Regulamentul de organizare si functionare a Curtii Constitutionale, aceasta statueaza numai asupra problemelor de drept. Critica recurentului cu privire la incalcarea dispozitiilor art. 261 din Codul de procedura civila nu tine seama de prevederile art. 16 din Legea nr. 47/1992, potrivit carora procedura jurisdictionala se completeaza cu regulile procedurii civile in masura in care ele sunt compatibile cu natura procedurii in fata Curtii Constitutionale, iar compatibilitatea se hotaraste exclusiv de aceasta. Deci Curtea Constitutionala este cea care spune dreptul si confrunta dispozitiile legale cu cele constitutionale. De altfel, referirea la Decizia Curtii Constitutionale nr. 33/1993 nu inseamna o nemotivare, ci, dimpotriva, aplicarea consecventa a dispozitiilor constitutionale si legale.
    Pentru motivele aratate, recursul declarat de Ministerul Public urmeaza a fi respins.
    Avand in vedere prevederile art. 144 lit. c) si ale art. 145 alin. (2) din Constitutie, precum si ale art. 1, art. 3, art. 13 alin. (1) lit. A.c), art. 25 si art. 26 din Legea nr. 47/1992,

    CURTEA CONSTITUTIONALA
    In numele legii
    DECIDE:

    Respinge recursul declarat de Ministerul Public impotriva Deciziei Curtii Constitutionale nr. 37 din 27 aprilie 1994.
    Definitiva.
    Pronuntata in sedinta publica din 16 noiembrie 1994.

               PRESEDINTELE CURTII CONSTITUTIONALE,
               prof. dr. VASILE GIONEA

                         Magistrat asistent,
                         Constantin Burada



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