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DECIZIE Nr

DECIZIE   Nr. 17*) din  7 februarie 1995

ACT EMIS DE: CURTEA CONSTITUTIONALA

ACT PUBLICAT IN: MONITORUL OFICIAL  NR. 294 din 20 decembrie 1995


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    *) A se vedea si Decizia Curtii Constitutionale nr. 109 din 7 noiembrie 1995, publicata la pag. 3.

    Viorel Mihai Ciobanu - presedinte
    Mihai Constantinescu - judecator
    Antonie Iorgovan     - judecator
    Florentina Geangu    - magistrat-asistent

    Convocat potrivit prevederilor art. 24 alin. (2) din Legea nr. 47/1992, completul de judecata, avand in vedere actele si lucrarile dosarului, constata urmatoarele:
    Comisia de lichidare a patrimoniului C.A.P. Castelu, printr-un proces-verbal incheiat la data de 14 august 1991, a vandut domnului Serban Vasile o cladire in care functionase sediul acestei cooperative.
    Primarul comunei Castelu, unde se afla cladirea, a solicitat Judecatoriei Medgidia constatarea nulitatii absolute a vanzarii, intrucat ea a avut loc cu incalcarea prevederilor art. 28 alineatul ultim din Legea fondului funciar nr. 18/1991.
    Potrivit acestui text de lege, sediile fostelor cooperative agricole de productie trec, fara plata, in proprietatea primariilor, respectiv a comisiilor locale.
    Paratul Serban Vasile, in afara de intampinare, prin care cere respingerea actiunii, a formulat si o cerere reconventionala, prin care solicita, daca actiunea va fi admisa, obligarea reclamantului la suportarea contravalorii reparatiilor si a imbunatatirilor pe care le-a facut la cladirea cumparata.
    La termenul de judecata din 28 martie 1994, paratul a invocat exceptia de neconstitutionalitate a prevederilor art. 28 alineatul ultim din Legea nr. 18/1991, sustinand ca acest text de lege, in temeiul caruia fostele sedii ale cooperativelor agricole de productie au trecut, fara plata, in regim de drept public, in proprietatea comunelor si in administrarea primariilor, este neconstitutional, intrucat incalca dispozitiile art. 41 alin. (3) din Constitutie, potrivit carora nimeni nu poate fi expropriat decat pentru o cauza de utilitate publica, stabilita potrivit legii, cu o dreapta si prealabila despagubire.
    Exprimandu-si opinia, potrivit dispozitiilor art. 23 alin. (5) din Legea nr. 47/1992, instanta sustine ca art. 28 alineatul ultim din Legea nr. 18/1991 contravine dispozitiilor art. 41 alin. (3) din Constitutie, intrucat trecerea imobilelor prevazute la acest articol s-a facut gratuit.

    CURTEA,
examinand incheierea de sesizare, raportul intocmit de judecatorul-raportor, precum si dispozitiile legale atacate ca neconstitutionale, raportate la prevederile Constitutiei, retine urmatoarele:
    Curtea este competenta, potrivit art. 144 lit. c) din Constitutie, sa solutioneze exceptia de neconstitutionalitate, deoarece - asa cum in mod constant a statuat in practica sa jurisdictionala - instanta, desi a fost de acord cu exceptia, nu a retinut ca textul de lege ce face obiectul ei ar intra sub incidenta art. 150 alin. (1) din Constitutie, sesizand Curtea cu solutionarea exceptiei.
    Dispozitia legala ce face obiectul exceptiei - art. 28 alineatul ultim din Legea nr. 18/1991 - a mai facut obiectul unei exceptii de neconstitutionalitate ce a fost solutionata definitiv prin Decizia Curtii Constitutionale nr. 29 din 30 martie 1994, publicata in Monitorul Oficial al Romaniei, Partea I, nr. 145 din 8 iunie 1994.
    Prin aceasta decizie, Curtea a respins exceptia de neconstitutionalitate a art. 28 alineatul ultim din Legea nr. 18/1991 pe consideratiunea ca "Fiind o lege anterioara Constitutiei, nu se poate aplica regimul constitutional actual asupra modului de constituire a acestui drept, deoarece ar insemna sa se incalce unul dintre principiile de baza ale Constitutiei - neretroactivitatea legii -, prevazut de art. 15 alin. (2), care se aplica si legii fundamentale. Pe cale de consecinta, prevederile art. 41 din Constitutie nu pot avea ca urmare desfiintarea unui drept de proprietate constituit anterior intrarii in vigoare a Constitutiei, dispozitiile acesteia aplicandu-se numai in ce priveste regimul acestui drept".
    Motivul invocat de parat, in sensul ca art. 28 alineatul ultim din Legea nr. 18/1991 ar constitui o expropriere in dauna sa, nu poate fi retinut, cat timp actiunea in anulare isi afla temeiul pe incalcarea unei norme imperative. De aceea, in cazul admiterii actiunii, paratul nu pierde dreptul de proprietate asupra unui bun pe care legal l-ar fi dobandit, ci, intrucat actul ce constituie titlul sau de proprietate este anulat, rezulta ca insusi dreptul respectiv nu a trecut niciodata in proprietatea sa. Ca urmare, in aceasta situatie, paratul nu poate invoca ocrotirea unui drept al carui titular nu este.
    Pretentiile paratului referitoare la constructiile si imbunatatirile pe care le-a facut sunt aspecte legate de aplicarea si interpretarea legii si nu de constitutionalitate a dispozitiilor art. 28 alineatul ultim din Legea nr. 18/1991. In consecinta, numai instanta de judecata poate stabili daca la data aparitiei Legii nr. 18/1991 imobilul, in cauza dedusa judecatii, mai era sediul C.A.P., daca imbunatatirile facute de parat reprezinta o imbogatire fara justa cauza a reclamantului sau daca sunt incidente alte reguli si principii de drept.
    Fata de cele aratate si tinand seama ca de la pronuntarea Deciziei Curtii Constitutionale nr. 29/1994 nu au intervenit elemente noi care sa justifice o alta solutie, urmeaza ca exceptia sa fie respinsa ca vadit nefondata, in temeiul art. 24 alin. (2) din Legea nr. 47/1992.
    Pentru considerentele expuse, in temeiul art. 144 lit. c) din Constitutie, precum si al art. 13 alin. (1) lit. A.c), al art. 24 alin. (2) si al art. 25 alin. (1) din Legea nr. 47/1992, in unanimitate,

    CURTEA
    In numele legii
    DECIDE:

    Respinge ca vadit nefondata exceptia de neconstitutionalitate a dispozitiilor art. 28 alineatul ultim din Legea fondului funciar nr. 18/1991, ridicata de paratul Serban Vasile in cauza ce formeaza obiectul Dosarului nr. 4.123/1993 al Judecatoriei Medgidia.
    Cu recurs in termen de 10 zile de la comunicare.
    Pronuntata la 7 februarie 1995.

              PRESEDINTE,
          prof. univ. dr. Viorel Mihai Ciobanu

                            Magistrat-asistent,
                            Florentina Geangu




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COMENTARII la Decizia 17/1995

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ANONIM a comentat Ordin 38 2002
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ANONIM a comentat Decretul 139 2005
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ANONIM a comentat Decretul 139 2005
    HIRE A GENUINE HACKER TO RECOVER YOUR LOST FUNDS Hello everyone, The Cryptocurrency world is very volatile and a lot of individuals have lost their crypto assets to online scams . I was also a victim. Last October I was contacted by a broker who convinced me to invest in Crypto. I made an initial investment of € 875,000. I followed their instructions. For TWO months now I have been trying to contact them all day, but I got no response. God is so kind. I followed a broadcast that teaches on how these recovery experts called THE HACK ANGELS RECOVERY EXPERT. Help individuals recover their lost funds back. I contacted the email provided for consultation, to help me recover my funds. I contacted them. These cryptocurrency recovery experts saved my life by helping me recover all my losses in just nine hours. I provided necessary requirements and relative information to complete the successful recovery of my crypto funds. I was filled with joy asI got my everything back. I really can't tell how happy I am. I said I will not hold this to myself but share it to the public so that all scammed victims can get their funds back, you can contact them today through their hotline at: WhatsApp +1(520)200-2320) (support@thehackangels.com). (www.thehackangels.com) If you're in London, you can even visit them in person at their office located at 45-46 Red Lion Street, London WC1R 4PF, UK. They’re super helpful and really know their stuff! Don’t hesitate to reach out if you need help.
ANONIM a comentat Decretul 139 2005
    HIRE A GENUINE HACKER TO RECOVER YOUR LOST FUNDS Hello everyone, The Cryptocurrency world is very volatile and a lot of individuals have lost their crypto assets to online scams . I was also a victim. Last October I was contacted by a broker who convinced me to invest in Crypto. I made an initial investment of € 875,000. I followed their instructions. For TWO months now I have been trying to contact them all day, but I got no response. God is so kind. I followed a broadcast that teaches on how these recovery experts called THE HACK ANGELS RECOVERY EXPERT. Help individuals recover their lost funds back. I contacted the email provided for consultation, to help me recover my funds. I contacted them. These cryptocurrency recovery experts saved my life by helping me recover all my losses in just nine hours. I provided necessary requirements and relative information to complete the successful recovery of my crypto funds. I was filled with joy asI got my everything back. I really can't tell how happy I am. I said I will not hold this to myself but share it to the public so that all scammed victims can get their funds back, you can contact them today through their hotline at: WhatsApp +1(520)200-2320) (support@thehackangels.com). (www.thehackangels.com) If you're in London, you can even visit them in person at their office located at 45-46 Red Lion Street, London WC1R 4PF, UK. They’re super helpful and really know their stuff! Don’t hesitate to reach out if you need help.
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