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DECIZIE Nr

DECIZIE   Nr. 2 din  5 iunie 2000

ACT EMIS DE: CURTEA SUPREMA DE JUSTITIE - SECTIILE UNITE

ACT PUBLICAT IN: MONITORUL OFICIAL  NR. 493 din  9 octombrie 2000


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    Sub presedintia presedintelui Curtii Supreme de Justitie, Paul Florea, s-a luat in examinare recursul in interesul legii, declarat de procurorul general al Parchetului de pe langa Curtea Suprema de Justitie, cu privire la instanta competenta sa procedeze la executarea silita asupra bunurilor imobile in raport cu dispozitiile art. 373 si 491 din Codul de procedura civila.
    Ministerul Public a fost reprezentat de Ion Ionescu, prim-adjunct al procurorului general, care a sustinut recursul in interesul legii, cerand sa se decida in sensul ca instanta competenta sa procedeze la executarea silita a bunurilor imobile este judecatoria in a carei circumscriptie se afla situat imobilul.

    SECTIILE UNITE,
deliberand asupra recursului in interesul legii, constata urmatoarele:
    In aplicarea prevederilor art. 491 din Codul de procedura civila instantele judecatoresti nu au un punct de vedere unitar in legatura cu instanta careia ii revine competenta de a proceda la executarea silita a bunurilor imobile.
    Astfel unele instante, intemeindu-se pe dispozitiile art. 373 din Codul de procedura civila referitoare la executarea hotararilor prin mijlocirea primei instante, au considerat ca judecatoriei ii revine competenta sa execute hotararile judecatoresti privind bunuri imobile numai atunci cand aceasta a solutionat cauza in prima instanta, in celelalte cazuri competenta de a executa asemenea hotarari revenind tribunalului.
    S-a argumentat in sprijinul acestei solutii ca prevederile art. 373 din Codul de procedura civila, constituind norma generala, au aplicabilitate mai larga decat cele din art. 491 din Codul de procedura civila, care au continut special, restrans, impunandu-se astfel fata de acestea din urma si explicandu-le sensul.
    Alte instante, dimpotriva, s-au pronuntat in sensul ca instanta competenta sa procedeze la executarea silita a bunurilor imobile este judecatoria in a carei circumscriptie se afla situat imobilul.
    Aceste din urma instante au procedat corect.
    Prin art. 373 alin. 1 din Codul de procedura civila se prevede ca "hotararile se vor executa prin mijlocirea primei instante", iar "in cazul in care prima instanta este o curte de apel, hotararea se executa prin mijlocirea tribunalului din localitatea in care isi are sediul curtea de apel".
    Din aceste dispozitii cu caracter general rezulta, in principiu, ca hotararile pronuntate in materie civila se executa de prima instanta, in afara cazului in care prin lege se dispune altfel, cum ar fi, de exemplu, atunci cand hotararea este pronuntata in prima instanta de o curte de apel.
    Or, de la aceasta regula se face exceptie si in cazul in care executarea silita priveste bunuri imobile.
    Intr-adevar, in conformitate cu art. 491 din Codul de procedura civila "vanzarea silita a bunurilor nemiscatoare se va urmari la judecatoria unde se afla imobilul [...]".
    O atare dispozitie, derogatorie de la regula ca executarea silita are loc la prima instanta, isi are explicatia in natura bunurilor imobile care ofera posibilitatea ca verificarea si urmarirea situatiei acestora sa fie realizate mai complet si in conditii de garantii sporite la judecatoria in a carei circumscriptie se afla situat imobilul.
    In acest sens atribuirea competentei de a proceda la executarea silita a bunurilor imobile judecatoriei in a carei circumscriptie este situat imobilul se impune pentru ca o astfel de executare necesita si verificarea registrelor de publicitate imobiliara, care se afla la judecatoria in a carei raza teritoriala se afla situat imobilul, iar procesul-verbal de situatie, afiptele si publicatiile, precum si tinerea evidentei acestor operatiuni, astfel cum sunt reglementate prin dispozitiile art. 499 - 510 din Codul de procedura civila, pot fi realizate in conditii mai bune si cu mai mare rapiditate la judecatoria in a carei circumscriptie este situat imobilul.
    Tot astfel trebuie avut in vedere ca, in caz de concurs al mai multor urmariri individuale, prin art. 520 alin. 3 din Codul de procedura civila se prevede ca in situatia "cand un imobil este urmarit inaintea mai multor judecatorii, intrunirea (urmaririlor) se va face la judecatoria aleasa in prima ipoteca, iar in lipsa unei asemenea alegeri, la judecatoria situatiei imobilului".
    Asa fiind, reglementarea cu caracter general privind executarea silita, de la art. 373 din Codul de procedura civila, nu justifica inaplicarea dispozitiei derogatorii privind competenta de executare a hotararilor in materie imobiliara, astfel cum este inscrisa in art. 491 din acelasi cod. De altfel, o atare dispozitie nici nu poate fi inteleasa altfel deoarece, fiind de ordin procedural, este de stricta aplicare.

    In consecinta, in temeiul art. 26 lit. b) din Legea Curtii Supreme de Justitie nr. 56/1993, republicata, precum si al art. 329 din Codul de procedura civila, urmeaza sa se admita recursul in interesul legii si sa se stabileasca ca instanta competenta sa procedeze la executarea silita a bunurilor imobile este judecatoria in a carei circumscriptie se afla situat imobilul.

    PENTRU ACESTE MOTIVE
    IN NUMELE LEGII
    DECIDE:

    Admite recursul in interesul legii.
    In aplicarea dispozitiilor art. 491 din Codul de procedura civila stabileste ca instanta competenta sa procedeze la executarea silita a bunurilor imobile este judecatoria in a carei circumscriptie se afla situat imobilul.
    Daca bunurile imobile sunt situate in circumscriptiile mai multor judecatorii, competenta de a proceda la executarea lor silita revine judecatoriei unde persoana urmarita isi are domiciliul sau resedinta, daca acestea se afla in vreuna dintre acele circumscriptii, iar in caz contrar, competenta revine oricareia dintre judecatoriile in ale caror circumscriptii se afla imobilele.
    Pronuntata in sedinta publica, la data de 5 iunie 2000.

          PRESEDINTELE CURTII SUPREME DE JUSTITIE,
                         PAUL FLOREA

                              Prim magistrat asistent,
                                 Ioan Raileanu



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