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DECIZIE Nr

DECIZIE   Nr. 5 din 14 ianuarie 2003

referitoare la exceptia de neconstitutionalitate a dispozitiilor art. 130 alin. (1) lit. j) din Codul muncii

ACT EMIS DE: CURTEA CONSTITUTIONALA

ACT PUBLICAT IN: MONITORUL OFICIAL  NR. 79 din  7 februarie 2003


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    Nicolae Popa             - presedinte
    Costica Bulai            - judecator
    Nicolae Cochinescu       - judecator
    Constantin Doldur        - judecator
    Kozsokar Gabor           - judecator
    Petre Ninosu             - judecator
    Serban Viorel Stanoiu    - judecator
    Lucian Stangu            - judecator
    Ioan Vida                - judecator
    Aurelia Popa             - procuror
    Mihaela Senia Costinescu - magistrat-asistent

    Pe rol se afla solutionarea exceptiei de neconstitutionalitate a dispozitiilor art. 130 alin. (1) lit. j) din Codul muncii, exceptie ridicata de Curtea de Apel Oradea - Sectia civila, din oficiu, in Dosarul nr. 1.526/CA/2002.
    La apelul nominal lipsesc partile, fata de care procedura de citare este legal indeplinita.
    Reprezentantul Ministerului Public pune concluzii de respingere a exceptiei de neconstitutionalitate ca fiind neintemeiata, sustinand ca desfacerea contractului de munca din initiativa angajatorului este justificata de lipsa salariatului de la locul de munca, absenta prelungita de natura a crea prejudicii unitatii unde este incadrata persoana cercetata penal, in stare de arest.

    CURTEA,
avand in vedere actele si lucrarile dosarului, retine urmatoarele:
    Prin Incheierea din 29 aprilie 2002, pronuntata in Dosarul nr. 1.526/CA/2002, Curtea de Apel Oradea - Sectia civila a sesizat Curtea Constitutionala cu exceptia de neconstitutionalitate a dispozitiilor art. 130 alin. (1) lit. j) din Codul muncii, exceptie ridicata de instanta, din oficiu.
    In motivarea exceptiei de neconstitutionalitate Curtea de Apel Oradea arata ca art. 130 alin. (1) lit. j) din Codul muncii incalca prevederile art. 23 alin. (8) din Legea fundamentala, deoarece prin crearea posibilitatii unitatii de a desface contractul de munca al angajatului, din proprie initiativa, atunci cand acesta din urma este arestat mai mult de 60 de zile, se atribuie institutiei de drept penal a arestarii consecinte juridice in domeniul dreptului muncii, inainte de a se stabili vinovatia celui in cauza printr-o hotarare definitiva si indiferent daca fapta ce a atras luarea masurii arestarii are legatura cu activitatea sa de salariat. Se invoca in sustinerea exceptiei legislatia care reglementeaza raporturi de munca, ulterioara anului 1990, care prevede doar masura suspendarii din functie sau masura suspendarii calitatii de membru al asociatiei profesionale, iar nu desfacerea contractului de munca, destituirea, respectiv excluderea din asociatia profesionala.
    Potrivit dispozitiilor art. 24 alin. (1) din Legea nr. 47/1992, republicata, incheierea de sesizare a fost comunicata presedintilor celor doua Camere ale Parlamentului, precum si Guvernului, pentru a-si formula punctele de vedere cu privire la exceptia de neconstitutionalitate ridicata.
    Guvernul apreciaza ca dispozitiile art. 130 alin. (1) lit. j) din Codul muncii nu contravin Constitutiei, intrucat concedierea salariatului, potrivit textului de lege criticat, este justificata de imposibilitatea sa de a mai presta activitatea de angajat, o perioada indelungata de timp, fapt ce ar putea provoca prejudicii unitatii. In aceasta situatie desfacerea contractului de munca este independenta de stabilirea vinovatiei penale sau contraventionale a salariatului, fiind determinata exclusiv de lipsa sa de la locul de munca, datorata starii de detinere. Se invoca in acest sens deciziile nr. 63/1996 si nr. 115/1996, prin care Curtea Constitutionala a constatat constitutionalitatea textelor de lege criticate.
    Presedintii celor doua Camere ale Parlamentului nu au comunicat punctele lor de vedere.

    CURTEA,
examinand incheierea de sesizare, punctul de vedere al Guvernului, raportul intocmit de judecatorul-raportor, concluziile procurorului, dispozitiile legale criticate, raportate la prevederile Constitutiei, precum si dispozitiile Legii nr. 47/1992, retine urmatoarele:
    Curtea Constitutionala este competenta, potrivit dispozitiilor art. 144 lit. c) din Constitutie, ale art. 1 alin. (1), art. 2, 3, 12 si 23 din Legea nr. 47/1992, republicata, sa solutioneze exceptia de neconstitutionalitate cu care a fost sesizata.
    Obiectul exceptiei de neconstitutionalitate il constituie art. 130 alin. (1) lit. j) din Codul muncii - Legea nr. 10/1972, publicata in Buletinul Oficial, Partea I, nr. 140 din 1 decembrie 1972. Textul de lege criticat are urmatorul continut:
    - Art. 130 alin. (1) lit. j): "Contractul de munca poate fi desfacut, din initiativa unitatii, in cazul cand: [...] j) cel in cauza este arestat mai mult de 60 de zile.
    Autorul exceptiei sustine ca dispozitiile legale criticate incalca prevederile constitutionale ale art. 23 alin. (8), care au urmatorul continut: "Pana la ramanerea definitiva a hotararii judecatoresti de condamnare, persoana este considerata nevinovata."
    Examinand exceptia de neconstitutionalitate, Curtea constata ca aceasta este neintemeiata si urmeaza a fi respinsa.
    Codul muncii stabileste cazurile si conditiile in care se poate desface contractul de munca, fie din initiativa angajatorului, fie din initiativa angajatului.
    Intre cazurile de desfacere a contractului de munca din initiativa angajatorului figureaza la art. 130 alin. (1) lit. j) cel in care angajatul este "arestat mai mult de 60 de zile". Dispozitiile art. 130 alin. (1) lit. j) din Codul muncii nu au, ca ipoteza, vinovatia angajatului pentru savarsirea unei infractiuni, ratiunea desfacerii contractului de munca constand, exclusiv, in necesitatea de a preveni efectele prejudiciabile pe care le poate avea pentru angajator absenta prelungita a angajatului care, drept urmare, nu isi indeplineste obligatia contractuala de prestare a muncii.
    Dreptul angajatorului de a desface contractul de munca se intemeiaza in acest caz, exclusiv, pe o situatie obiectiva, starea de arest a angajatului, care reprezinta o conditie necesara si suficienta pentru luarea masurii, acest drept fiind independent de existenta sau inexistenta vinovatiei angajatului, pe care unitatea nu are calitatea de a o stabili. Sunt deci lipsite de relevanta natura juridica a masurii arestarii, precum si examinarea vinovatiei salariatului in savarsirea faptei pentru care este arestat.
    Prin urmare, este evident ca nu prezumtia de vinovatie sta la baza acestui motiv de desfacere a contractului de munca si, deci, nu se poate sustine ca prevederea care il consacra incalca dispozitiile art. 23 alin. (8) din Constitutie.

    Pentru considerentele expuse mai sus, in temeiul art. 144 lit. c) si al art. 145 alin. (2) din Constitutie, precum si al art. 1 - 3, al art. 13 alin. (1) lit. A.c), al art. 23 si al art. 25 alin. (1) din Legea nr. 47/1992, republicata,

    CURTEA
    In numele legii
    DECIDE:

    Respinge exceptia de neconstitutionalitate a dispozitiilor art. 130 alin. (1) lit. j) din Codul muncii, exceptie ridicata de Curtea de Apel Oradea - Sectia civila, din oficiu, in Dosarul nr. 1.526/CA/2002.
    Definitiva si obligatorie.
    Pronuntata in sedinta publica din data de 14 ianuarie 2003.

          PRESEDINTELE CURTII CONSTITUTIONALE,
              prof. univ. dr. NICOLAE POPA

                              Magistrat asistent,
                              Mihaela Senia Costinescu



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