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DECIZIE Nr

DECIZIE   Nr. 22*) din 27 februarie 1996

ACT EMIS DE: CURTEA CONSTITUTIONALA

ACT PUBLICAT IN: MONITORUL OFICIAL  NR. 94 din  9 mai 1996


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    *) Definitiva prin nerecurare.

     Viorel Mihai Ciobanu     - presedinte
     Ioan Deleanu             - judecator
     Florin Bucur Vasilescu   - judecator
     Constantin Burada        - magistrat - asistent

    Completul de judecata, convocat potrivit dispozitiilor art. 24 alin. (2) din Legea nr. 47/1992, constata urmatoarele:
    Tribunalul Satu Mare, prin Incheierea din 13 decembrie 1995, a sesizat Curtea Constitutionala cu exceptia de neconstitutionalitate a prevederilor art. 7 din Legea nr. 85/1992, republicata in Monitorul Oficial al Romaniei, Partea I, nr. 260 din 15 septembrie 1994, invocata de apelanta S.C.C.A. "Elsaco" Satu Mare in Dosarul nr. 2.125/1995.
    In motivarea exceptiei se sustine, in esenta, ca articolul respectiv care reglementeaza "vanzarea de locuinte construite din fondurile statului si din fondurile unitatilor economice sau bugetare de stat", interpretat in sensul ca se aplica si in cazul unitatilor economice cu capital privat, existente anterior anului 1989, este neconstitutional, deoarece contravine prevederilor art. 41 din Constitutie, cat si ale art. 480-481 din Codul civil. Se considera ca vointa legiuitorului a fost aceea ca Legea nr. 85/1992 sa se aplice numai locuintelor construite din fondurile unitatilor economice sau bugetare de stat, nu si celor construite din alte fonduri. In speta, locuintele in litigiu au fost edificate exclusiv din fondurile Cooperativei "Constructorul" si, cum Decizia Curtii Constitutionale nr. 10 din 8 martie 1994 nu clarifica sfera de aplicabilitate a prevederilor Legii nr. 85/1992, se solicita sesizarea Curtii pentru elucidarea acestui aspect.
    In opinia exprimata, tribunalul apreciaza ca exceptia este neintemeiata, iar dispozitiile art. 7 din Legea nr. 85/1992 se aplica si locuintelor proprietatea unitatilor cooperatiei mestesugaresti deoarece, daca s-ar adopta un punct de vedere contrar, s-ar incalca principiul inscris in art. 16 alin. (1) din Constitutie, potrivit caruia "Cetatenii sunt egali in fata legii si a autoritatilor publice, fara privilegii si fara discriminari". De asemenea, se invoca si Decizia Curtii Constitutionale nr. 10/1994 prin care s-a constatat ca dispozitiile art. 7 din Legea nr. 85/1992 sunt constitutionale.

    CURTEA,
avand in vedere incheierea de sesizare, raportul intocmit de judecatorul - raportor, dispozitiile legale atacate sub aspectul constitutionalitatii, raportate la prevederile Constitutiei, precum si ale Legii nr. 47/1992, retine:
    Potrivit dispozitiilor art. 144 lit. c) din Constitutie si ale art. 1, art. 3 si art. 23 din Legea nr. 47/1992, Curtea este competenta sa se pronunte asupra exceptiei de neconstitutionalitate.
    In legatura cu prevederile art. 7 din Legea nr. 85/1992, este de mentionat ca acestea au mai facut obiectul controlului de constitutionalitate, asa cum rezulta din Decizia nr. 10 din 8 martie 1994, definitiva prin nerecurare, publicata in Monitorul Oficial al Romaniei, Partea I, nr. 114 din 5 mai 1994.
    Prin aceasta decizie s-a constatat ca dispozitiile criticate sunt in concordanta cu prevederile Constitutiei. Astfel, art. 41 da legii posibilitatea de a stabili continutul si limitele dreptului de proprietate. De aceea, desi in proprietatea societatilor comerciale sau a regiilor autonome au intrat si locuintele construite din fondurile proprii, legiferarea ulterior adoptarii Constitutiei a optiunii ca fiecare chirias din aceste locuinte sa devina proprietar nu poate fi privita decat ca o limita stabilita de lege (art. 41 din Constitutie) a dreptului de proprietate exercitat de societatea comerciala in al carei patrimoniu se afla locuintele construite din fondurile proprii ale intreprinderii, asa cum de altfel tot o limita este si exceptarea de la vanzare a locuintelor de interventie. S-a mai retinut ca art. 7 din Legea nr. 85/1992 asigura chiriasilor dreptul si prioritatea la cumpararea locuintelor, dand astfel expresie dispozitiilor art. 43 alin. (1) si ale art. 134 alin. (2) lit. f) din Constitutie cu privire la obligatia statului de a crea conditii necesare pentru cresterea calitatii vietii si mai ales de a lua masuri de dezvoltare economica si de protectie sociala, de natura sa asigure cetatenilor un trai decent. S-a statuat, de asemenea, ca, prin art. 7 din Legea nr. 85/1992, legiuitorul a stabilit o norma de justitie sociala si economica, dand posibilitatea chiriasilor sa cumpere locuintele la construirea carora au contribuit in mod direct sau indirect in vechiul sistem statal-juridic, astfel ca dispozitiile criticate sunt nu numai conforme literei si spiritului art. 41 si ale art. 135 din Constitutie, ci si legitimate din punct de vedere economic, social si moral.
    Aceasta solutie este constant consacrata in practica jurisdictionala a Curtii Constitutionale, asa cum rezulta din deciziile nr. 26, nr. 27, nr. 28, nr. 68 si nr. 135/1994, nr. 18, nr. 67 si nr. 99/1995, publicate in Monitorul Oficial al Romaniei, Partea I, nr. 143 din 6 iunie 1994, nr. 284 din 6 octombrie 1994, nr. 59 din 31 martie 1995, nr. 115 din 8 iunie 1995 si nr. 272 din 23 noiembrie 1995.
    Considerentele din deciziile sus-citate, inclusiv solutia adoptata, isi mentin valabilitatea si in cauza de fata, deoarece nu a intervenit nici un element nou care sa le infirme si deci sa faca necesara reconsiderarea lor.
    Prin exceptie se mai solicita ca prin decizie sa se statueze daca prevederile Legii nr. 85/1992 se aplica si in cazul locuintelor construite de cooperativele mestesugaresti, intrucat Decizia nr. 10/1994 nu clarifica aceasta problema. Se constata ca exceptia, si sub acest aspect, este nefondata, deoarece nu priveste legitimitatea constitutionala a dispozitiilor legale atacate, ci interpretarea lor, care este de competenta instantei de judecata, astfel incat Curtea nu se poate substitui acesteia si nici nu poate cenzura interpretarea data de catre instanta, al carei control se realizeaza numai prin intermediul cailor de atac. In acest sens, Curtea Constitutionala s-a pronuntat prin deciziile nr. 51/1993, nr. 64, nr. 73 si nr. 123/1994, precum si nr. 58/1995, publicate in Monitorul Oficial al Romaniei, Partea I, nr. 12 din 19 ianuarie 1994, nr. 177 din 12 iulie 1994, nr. 14 din 25 ianuarie 1995 si nr. 267 din 17 noiembrie 1995.
    Pentru motivele aratate, in temeiul art. 144 lit. c) din Constitutie, al art. 13 alin. (1) lit. A.c), al art. 24 alin. (2) si al art. 25 alin. (1) din Legea nr. 47/1992, in unanimitate,

    CURTEA
    In numele legii
    DECIDE:

    Respinge ca vadit nefondata exceptia de neconstitutionalitate a prevederilor art. 7 din Legea nr. 85/1992, invocata de apelanta parata S.C.C.A. "Elsaco" Satu Mare in Dosarul nr. 2.125/1995 al Tribunalului Satu Mare.
    Cu recurs in termen de 10 zile de la comunicare.
    Pronuntata la data de 27 februarie 1996.

                PRESEDINTE,
                prof. univ. dr. Viorel Mihai Ciobanu

                                  Magistrat-asistent,
                                  Constantin Burada




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