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DECIZIE Nr

DECIZIE   Nr. 47*) din 25 aprilie 1996

ACT EMIS DE: CURTEA CONSTITUTIONALA

ACT PUBLICAT IN: MONITORUL OFICIAL  NR. 293 din 19 noiembrie 1996


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    *) A se vedea si Decizia Curtii Constitutionale nr. 94 din 17 septembrie 1996, publicata in Monitorul Oficial nr. 293 din 19 noiembrie 1996.

    Victor Dan Zlatescu  - presedinte
    Mihai Constantinescu - judecator
    Ioan Deleanu         - judecator
    Maria Bratu          - magistrat-asistent

    Completul de judecata, convocat fara citarea partilor, potrivit art. 24 alin. (2) din Legea nr. 47/1992 privind organizarea si functionarea Curtii Constitutionale, examinand exceptia de neconstitutionalitate a prevederilor Legii nr. 30/1994 privind ratificarea Conventiei pentru apararea drepturilor omului si a libertatilor fundamentale si a protocoalelor aditionale la aceasta conventie, constata urmatoarele:
    Judecatoria Sectorului 1 Bucuresti, prin Incheierea de la data de 28 septembrie 1995, pronuntata in Dosarul nr. 4.706/1993 al acestei judecatorii, a sesizat Curtea Constitutionala cu exceptia de neconstitutionalitate a Legii nr. 30 din 18 mai 1994 privind ratificarea Conventiei pentru apararea drepturilor omului si a libertatilor fundamentale si a protocoalelor aditionale la aceasta conventie, invocata de reclamantul Panaitescu Edmond, pentru urmatoarele motive:
    - incalcarea prevederilor art. 99 alin. (1) din Constitutie, deoarece analizarea, votarea si promulgarea legii sunt anterioare publicarii in Monitorul Oficial al Romaniei a Decretului nr. 40 din 23 martie 1994 privind aprobarea si supunerea spre ratificare a Conventiei pentru apararea drepturilor omului si a libertatilor fundamentale si a protocoalelor aditionale la aceasta conventie;
    - incalcarea prevederilor art. 11, 20 si 21 din Constitutie si a prevederilor Legii nr. 4/1991, ca urmare a includerii in Legea nr. 30/1994 a art. 3, intrucat astfel s-au exclus de la jurisdictia Curtii Europene a Drepturilor Omului violarile prevederilor conventiei, anterior aderarii Romaniei.
    Intrucat incheierea de sesizare nu cuprinde opinia instantei, obligatorie, potrivit art. 23 alin. (5) din Legea nr. 47/1992, si, intrucat instanta, prin aceeasi incheiere, a dispus scoaterea dosarului de pe rol, ca urmare a faptului ca reclamantul a "renuntat la judecata", fiind astfel incidente prevederile art. 23 alin. (2) din Legea nr. 47/1992, potrivit carora exceptia de neconstitutionalitate poate privi numai o prevedere dintr-o lege sau ordonanta "de care depinde judecarea cauzei", s-a solicitat instantei, prin adresele nr. 133 C/1995 din 15 noiembrie 1995 si 30 ianuarie 1996, sa-si exprime opinia, tinand seama si de declaratia de renuntare la judecata. Instanta nu a raspuns la aceste solicitari, dar din condica de sedinta a judecatoriei rezulta ca aceasta a repus cauza pe rol, a judecat-o si a respins cererea reclamantului Panaitescu Edmond.
    Tinand seama de prevederile art. 26 din Regulamentul de organizare si functionare a Curtii Constitutionale, potrivit carora, o data sesizata, Curtea procedeaza la examinarea constitutionalitatii, nefiind aplicabile dispozitiile referitoare la suspendarea, intreruperea sau stingerea procesului, Curtea constata ca este competenta sa solutioneze exceptia cu care a fost sesizata in temeiul art. 144 lit. c) din Constitutie.

    CURTEA,
avand in vedere incheierea de sesizare, raportul intocmit in cauza de judecatorul-raportor, precum si prevederile Legii nr. 30/1994, raportate la dispozitiile Constitutiei si ale Legii nr. 47/1992, retine urmatoarele:
    Prin exceptia invocata se considera ca au fost incalcate prevederile art. 99 alin. (1) din Constitutie, privind obligativitatea publicarii in Monitorul Oficial al Romaniei a decretelor emise de Presedintele Romaniei, cu referire la Decretul nr. 40/1994 privind aprobarea si supunerea spre ratificare Parlamentului a Conventiei pentru apararea drepturilor omului si a libertatilor fundamentale si a protocoalelor aditionale la aceasta conventie. Se constata insa ca acest decret a fost publicat in Monitorul Oficial al Romaniei, Partea I, nr. 135 din 31 mai 1994, astfel incat critica formulata apare evident neintemeiata.
    Prin exceptie se invoca neconstitutionalitatea Legii nr. 30/1994 si datorita includerii prevederilor art. 3, potrivit carora recursul individual in fata Comisiei Europene a Drepturilor Omului si a Curtii Europene a Drepturilor Omului este numai pentru cauzele in care violarea drepturilor garantate de conventie intervine dupa intrarea in vigoare a conventiei si a protocoalelor sale mentionate in prevederile acestui articol.
    In motivarea criticii formulate, reclamantul invoca prevederile art. 11 din Constitutie, privind obligativitatea indeplinirii cu buna-credinta a tratatelor, ale art. 20, privind prioritatea tratatelor internationale referitoare la drepturile omului, si ale art. 21, privind accesul liber la justitie.
    Nici aceste critici nu sunt intemeiate, deoarece aplicarea jurisdictiei internationale pentru cauzele anterioare aderarii este contrara principiului neretroactivitatii legii, prevazut de art. 15 alin. (2) din Constitutie. De altfel, de principiu, raspunderea statului pentru respectarea obligatiilor izvorand dintr-o conventie internationala nu poate fi angajata pentru fapte anterioare conventiei. Altminteri, ar insemna ca statul sa raspunda pentru respectarea unei obligatii, anterior constituirii ei. De aceea art. 3 din Legea nr. 30/1994 nu poate fi considerat ca incalcand obligatia constitutionala de buna-credinta prevazuta la art. 11, in aplicarea conventiilor internationale sau a prevederilor art. 20 din Constitutie, referitoare la prioritatea fata de legile interne a tratatelor internationale privitoare la drepturile fundamentale ale omului. De altfel, amandoua aceste dispozitii constitutionale se refera la aplicarea conventiilor internationale, nu la ratificarea lor. De asemenea, art. 21 din Constitutie, privind liberul acces la justitie, este aplicabil numai jurisdictiilor interne, potrivit principiului teritorialismului legii constitutionale, astfel incat, din aceasta cauza, nu poate fi aplicabil unor instante internationale.
    In ceea ce priveste critica legata de prevederile Legii nr. 4/1991 privind incheierea si ratificarea tratatelor, se constata ca ratificarea conventiei s-a facut tocmai in temeiul unor prevederi ale acestei legi si ca, oricum, legea respectiva, neavand o valoare constitutionala, nu poate fi opusa legiuitorului care, de principiu, are competenta ca, oricand, sa deroge, in adoptarea unei legi, de la prevederile altei legi.

    Fata de cele aratate, in temeiul art. 144 lit. c) din Constitutie, precum si al art. 13 alin. (1) lit. A.c), al art. 24 alin. (2) si al art. 25 alin. (1) din Legea nr. 47/1992, in unanimitate,

    CURTEA
    In numele legii
    DECIDE:

    Respinge ca vadit nefondata exceptia de neconstitutionalitate a prevederilor Legii nr. 30/1994 privind ratificarea Conventiei pentru apararea drepturilor omului si a libertatilor fundamentale si a protocoalelor aditionale la aceasta conventie.
    Cu recurs in termen de 10 zile de la comunicare.
    Pronuntata la 25 aprilie 1996.

                         PRESEDINTE,
              prof. univ. dr. Victor Dan Zlatescu

                              Magistrat asistent,
                              Maria Bratu



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